Caco-2

Stimulus

Salmonella Typhimurium

Experimental context

Caco-2 + Salmonella Typhimurium

Stimulus parameters

moi: 10–100; exposure duration: 1–4 h; qualification: Published evidence overlaps part of the seed range.

Evidence summary: Directly supports Caco-2 Salmonella infection for bacterial interaction, host signaling and inflammatory-response readouts. Confluent Caco-2 cells on semipermeable supports were infected apically with Salmonella Typhimurium SL1344 or an invA mutant at MOI 100; infection was followed over early time points (including 1–3 h).

Interpretation: Used to study Salmonella host–pathogen interaction, epithelial invasion and inflammatory signaling in Caco-2.

Limitation: Published condition overlaps the seed MOI/time window but does not validate every value in the requested range; Caco-2 is tumour-derived.

Stimulus

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli

Experimental context

Caco-2 + EPEC adhesion infection

Stimulus parameters

moi: NOT_REPORTED; exposure duration: NOT_REPORTED

Evidence summary: Direct evidence for EPEC-associated epithelial barrier alteration in Caco-2 monolayers. Polarized Caco-2 monolayers were exposed to EPEC; transepithelial electrical resistance was measured, with effects reported approximately 6–10 h after bacterial addition. Supports EPEC adhesion/attaching-and-effacing biology and rapid host electrolyte-transport responses in Caco-2. Caco-2 monolayers were infected with wild-type EPEC E2348/69 or a signal-transduction-defective mutant and studied in Ussing chambers.

Interpretation: Used to study EPEC adhesion, barrier/electrolyte transport and epithelial responses in Caco-2.

Limitation: A defined experimental strain and transport endpoint do not represent all bacterial-enteritis mechanisms; Caco-2 is tumour-derived. TEER/barrier response is an application readout and not a disease-fidelity score; timing and strain details differ across studies.